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Settings form

A settings page that saves the way people expect: switches save themselves, text edits gather into one bar that rises with "2 unsaved changes".

Used forAccount and workspace settingsNotification preferencesProfile and URL settingsProduct configuration

Install with the shadcn CLI

$ npx shadcn@latest add https://hairlineui.com/r/settings-form.json

Where it’s used

  • Account and workspace settings

    The page of switches, choices and text fields in every SaaS product.

  • Notification preferences

    Toggles that save the moment they are flipped.

  • Profile and URL settings

    A username or slug that checks it is free as you type.

  • Product configuration

    Admin pages with several groups of options.

What it handles for you

Settings pages usually get one half wrong. Either every field has a Save button, or a toggle you flipped silently waits for a button you never scrolled to. This does each the way people expect.

Instead of wiring upform stateautosave for togglesan unsaved changes barasync field checksserver error mappinga Save shortcut
  1. Switches save themselves

    The thumb is thrown across, “Saving” opens beside the label, then a check draws and fades.

  2. Refusals are visible

    If your server says no, the thumb is thrown back with a shake and the reason opens under it.

  3. Text edits gather into one bar

    A bar rises with “2 unsaved changes”. Save or ⌘S sends only what changed.

  4. Checks as you type

    A field can ask your server whether a value is free, shortly after typing stops, and cancels older checks.

  5. Server errors go under their fields

    Throw SettingsFormError and each reason opens under its field, with focus on the first.

  6. Reset and leave warnings

    Reset blurs the edits back to what was saved, and leaving with unsaved edits asks first.

Overview

Settings pages usually pick one behaviour and get the other half wrong: either every field has a Save button, or a toggle you flipped silently waits for a button at the bottom you never scrolled to. Here switches and choices save the moment they change: the thumb is thrown across, "Saving" opens beside the label, a check draws and fades. If your server refuses, the thumb is thrown back with a shake and the reason opens under it. Text edits wait for you instead: a dot swells beside each changed label and one bar rises at the foot of the form, "2 unsaved changes" rolling as you type, and it stays in view while you scroll. A field with an async check (is this address free?) asks a moment after you stop typing. Save or ⌘S sends only what changed; errors your server sends for particular fields open under those fields, and focus goes to the first. Reset blurs the edits back to what was saved.

States

switch
A toggle's thumb is thrown 16px with a slight overshoot (420ms); a choice's thumb slides to the option. "Saving" opens beside the label (the column eases open in 380ms) with a spinner, then a check draws and "Saved" fades after 1.6s.
refused
If onSave throws for a switch, the thumb is thrown back, the control shakes ±4px and the message opens under the field; "Not saved" stays beside the label for 2.4s.
edit
Typing in a text field swells a dot beside its label (overshoot, 420ms) and opens the bar at the foot of the form by height; its count rolls as more fields change and the label morphs between change and changes.
check
450ms after typing stops, check() runs: a spinner sits at the end of the field and "Checking" lifts in under it, then a drawn check and "Available", or the reason in red with a red hairline. A newer keystroke cancels the older check through its AbortSignal.
save
Save (or ⌘S / Ctrl+S anywhere in the form) runs validate() for each changed field first; refusals shake their fields and the bar says how many need a look. Then onSave gets only the changed values; the button says Saving, then Saved, and the bar folds away 1.1s later.
server errors
Throw SettingsFormError(message, { field: reason }) and each reason opens under its field, the field shakes, the bar shows the message and focus moves to the first field with an error.
reset
The changed fields blur from 20% back to their saved values in 420ms; their dots shrink away and the bar folds.

Usage

usage.tsx
import { SettingsForm } from "@/components/settings-form";<SettingsForm  defaultValue={{ name: "Fernhill", digest: true }}  sections={[    { title: "Workspace", fields: [{ type: "text", name: "name", label: "Name" }] },    { title: "Notifications", fields: [{ type: "toggle", name: "digest", label: "Weekly digest" }] },  ]}  onSave={(patch) => saveSettings(patch)}/>

Works with

Saved by a server action

onSave receives only what changed, so one server action handles both a switch saving itself and a batch of text edits. Validate on the server too: a SettingsFormError puts each message under its field. The address check asks a route whether the slug is free and passes the AbortSignal along, so a newer keystroke cancels it.

example.tsx
// app/settings/actions.ts"use server";import { z } from "zod";import { db } from "@/lib/db";const Settings = z.object({  name: z.string().min(1).max(60),  slug: z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9-]{3,32}$/),  digest: z.boolean(),}).partial();export async function saveSettings(patch: unknown) {  const user = await requireUser();  const parsed = Settings.safeParse(patch);  if (!parsed.success) return { errors: Object.fromEntries(parsed.error.issues.map((i) => [i.path[0], i.message])) };  if (parsed.data.slug && (await db.workspace.findFirst({ where: { slug: parsed.data.slug, NOT: { id: user.workspaceId } } })))    return { errors: { slug: "That address was taken a moment ago." } };  const saved = await db.workspace.update({ where: { id: user.workspaceId }, data: parsed.data });  return { saved: { name: saved.name, slug: saved.slug, digest: saved.digest } };}// app/settings/form.tsx"use client";import { SettingsForm, SettingsFormError, type SettingsValues } from "@/components/settings-form";import { saveSettings } from "./actions";export function WorkspaceSettings({ initial }: { initial: SettingsValues }) {  return (    <SettingsForm      defaultValue={initial}      sections={[        {          title: "Workspace",          fields: [            { type: "text", name: "name", label: "Name" },            {              type: "text", name: "slug", label: "Address", prefix: "relay.app/",              check: async (slug, { signal }) => {                const res = await fetch(`/api/slug?q=${encodeURIComponent(slug)}`, { signal });                return (await res.json()).available ? null : `relay.app/${slug} is taken.`;              },            },          ],        },        { title: "Notifications", fields: [{ type: "toggle", name: "digest", label: "Weekly digest" }] },      ]}      onSave={async (patch) => {        const result = await saveSettings(patch);        if (result.errors) throw new SettingsFormError("Some fields need a look.", result.errors);        return result.saved;      }}    />  );}

Props

PropTypeDescription
sections{ title, description?, fields }[]Groups of fields. A field is { type: "toggle" | "choice" | "text" | "textarea", name, label, description? } plus options for a choice and placeholder, prefix, rows, maxLength, validate, check and checkPassed for text.
valueRecord<string, string | boolean>Saved values, controlled. Edits live in the form until they're saved.
defaultValueRecord<string, string | boolean>Saved values when uncontrolled.
onValueChange(values) => voidThe saved values after every successful save.
onSave(patch, values) => Promise<values | void>Saves just the changed values (one field for a switch, every edit for the bar). Return what was stored; throw an Error to show its message, or SettingsFormError(message, { field: reason }) to put reasons under fields.
autosavebooleandefault trueToggles and choices save the moment they change. Set false to send them with the bar like text.
warnOnLeavebooleandefault trueAsks before the page unloads while there are unsaved edits.
field.validate(value, values) => string | nullRefuses a text value before it's sent; the message opens under the field.
field.check(value, { signal }) => Promise<string | null>An async check run 450ms after typing stops. Return null when the value is fine or the reason it isn't; a taken value can't be saved.

Accessibility and motion

  • Toggles are role="switch" buttons labelled by their field label and described by its description. Choices are radio groups: arrows move and select, and only the selected option is in the tab order.
  • Every message under a field is linked to its input with aria-describedby, and inputs with errors are aria-invalid. Saves, refusals and resets are announced in a status region; the "Saving" beside a label is for the eye only.
  • ⌘S or Ctrl+S saves while focus is in the form. The bar is a sticky footer: on a long page it stays at the bottom of the window while the form is in view.
  • A newer change to a switch wins: an older answer that arrives late is ignored. Edits made while a save is running stay unsaved and keep the bar open.
  • Text inputs use 16px type on touch screens so phones don't zoom into them.
  • Reduced motion changes everything in place: no thrown thumbs, slides, swells or shakes; the words and colours still say what happened.

Requirements

React 19, Tailwind CSS v4 and shadcn/ui theme variables (any style, light and dark). Icons from lucide-react.

The CLI also installs Text morph, Number roll, Status button.

Source

components/settings-form.tsx
"use client";import * as React from "react";import { NumberRoll } from "./number-roll";import { StatusButton, type ActionStatus } from "./status-button";import { TextMorph } from "./text-morph";/* ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── * SETTINGS FORM: a settings page that saves the way people * expect it to * *   switch    toggles and choices save the moment they change: *             the thumb is thrown across, "Saving" opens beside *             the label, a check draws and fades. If the server *             says no, the thumb is thrown back with a shake *             and the reason opens under the field *   edit      text edits wait for you: a dot swells beside each *             changed label and one bar rises at the foot of *             the form, "2 unsaved changes", rolling as you go *   check     a field with an async check (is this address *             free?) asks a moment after you stop typing: *             "Checking", then "Available" or why not *   save      Save (or ⌘S) sends just what changed; the bar says *             Saving, then Saved, and folds away. Errors your *             server sends per field open under those fields *             and focus goes to the first *   reset     the edits blur back to what's saved * * Fields are plain objects; onSave gets only the changed values * and returns what was stored. * ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */export type SettingsValue = string | boolean;export type SettingsValues = Record<string, SettingsValue>;type Base = { name: string; label: string; description?: string };export type SettingsField =  | (Base & { type: "toggle" })  | (Base & { type: "choice"; options: { value: string; label: string }[] })  | (Base & {      type: "text" | "textarea";      placeholder?: string;      /** Shown inside the field before the value, e.g. "relay.app/". */      prefix?: string;      /** Textarea height in lines. */      rows?: number;      maxLength?: number;      inputMode?: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLInputElement>["inputMode"];      autoComplete?: string;      /** Return a message to refuse the value before it's sent. */      validate?: (value: string, values: SettingsValues) => string | null | undefined | void;      /** Asked a moment after typing stops: return null when the value is fine, or why it isn't. */      check?: (value: string, options: { signal: AbortSignal }) => Promise<string | null | undefined | void>;      /** What a passed check says. */      checkPassed?: string;    });export interface SettingsSection {  title: string;  description?: string;  fields: SettingsField[];}/** Throw this from onSave to put messages under particular fields. */export class SettingsFormError extends Error {  fields: Record<string, string>;  constructor(message: string, fields: Record<string, string> = {}) {    super(message);    this.name = "SettingsFormError";    this.fields = fields;  }}export interface SettingsFormProps extends Omit<React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>, "defaultValue" | "onChange"> {  sections: SettingsSection[];  /** Saved values, controlled. */  value?: SettingsValues;  defaultValue?: SettingsValues;  /** The saved values after every successful save. */  onValueChange?: (values: SettingsValues) => void;  /** Saves the changed values. Return what was stored (or nothing); throw to keep the edits and say why. */  onSave: (patch: SettingsValues, values: SettingsValues) => Promise<SettingsValues | void> | SettingsValues | void;  /** Toggles and choices save the moment they change. */  autosave?: boolean;  /** Ask before leaving the page with unsaved edits. */  warnOnLeave?: boolean;}type Check = { state: "checking" | "ok" | "no"; message: string };type TextField = Extract<SettingsField, { type: "text" | "textarea" }>;const EASE = "cubic-bezier(0.16,1,0.3,1)";const THROW = "cubic-bezier(0.34,1.36,0.64,1)";const FOCUS = "focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring/40";const EMPTY: SettingsValues = {};const SHAKE = [{ transform: "none" }, { transform: "translateX(-4px)" }, { transform: "translateX(4px)" }, { transform: "translateX(-2px)" }, { transform: "none" }];const reducedQuery = "(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)";const subscribeReduced = (onChange: () => void) => {  const query = window.matchMedia(reducedQuery);  query.addEventListener("change", onChange);  return () => query.removeEventListener("change", onChange);};const useReducedMotion = () =>  React.useSyncExternalStore(subscribeReduced, () => window.matchMedia(reducedQuery).matches, () => false);const without = <T,>(o: Record<string, T>, keys: string[]) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(o).filter(([k]) => !keys.includes(k))) as Record<string, T>;const message = (e: unknown, fallback: string) => (e instanceof Error && e.message ? e.message : fallback);function DrawnCheck({ drawn, reduced, className = "size-3.5" }: { drawn: boolean; reduced: boolean; className?: string }) {  return (    <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" className={className}>      <path        d="M3.5 8.5 6.5 11.5 12.5 4.5"        stroke="currentColor"        strokeWidth="1.8"        strokeLinecap="round"        strokeLinejoin="round"        pathLength={1}        strokeDasharray={1}        style={{ strokeDashoffset: drawn ? 0 : 1, transition: drawn && !reduced ? `stroke-dashoffset 380ms ${EASE} 100ms` : "none" }}      />    </svg>  );}function Spinner({ on }: { on: boolean }) {  return <span className={`size-3 rounded-full border-[1.5px] border-current border-t-transparent motion-reduce:animate-none ${on ? "animate-spin" : ""}`} />;}/** Text that changes by lifting the old line out through a blur and the new one in (sentences don't morph letter by letter). */function Line({ text, className = "", reduced }: { text: string; className?: string; reduced: boolean }) {  const [shown, setShown] = React.useState(text);  const [leaving, setLeaving] = React.useState<{ key: number; text: string }[]>([]);  const key = React.useRef(0);  const ref = React.useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null);  if (text !== shown) {    if (!reduced && shown) setLeaving((l) => [...l, { key: ++key.current, text: shown }]);    setShown(text);  }  React.useLayoutEffect(() => {    if (reduced || !ref.current || !leaving.length) return;    ref.current.animate([{ opacity: 0, transform: "translateY(4px)", filter: "blur(3px)" }, { opacity: 1, transform: "none", filter: "blur(0px)" }], { duration: 320, delay: 60, easing: EASE, fill: "backwards" });    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps  }, [shown]);  return (    <span className={`relative block ${className}`}>      <span ref={ref} className="block">        {shown}      </span>      {leaving.map((l) => (        <LeavingLine key={l.key} text={l.text} onDone={() => setLeaving((all) => all.filter((x) => x.key !== l.key))} />      ))}    </span>  );}function LeavingLine({ text, onDone }: { text: string; onDone: () => void }) {  const ref = React.useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null);  React.useLayoutEffect(() => {    const a = ref.current?.animate([{ opacity: 1, filter: "blur(0px)" }, { opacity: 0, transform: "translateY(-4px)", filter: "blur(3px)" }], { duration: 200, easing: EASE, fill: "forwards" });    if (a) a.onfinish = onDone;    return () => a?.cancel();    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps  }, []);  return (    <span ref={ref} aria-hidden="true" className="pointer-events-none absolute inset-x-0 top-0 block">      {text}    </span>  );}/** A block that opens and closes by height, keeping its last children while it closes. */function Fold({ open, reduced, children }: { open: boolean; reduced: boolean; children: React.ReactNode }) {  const kept = React.useRef(children);  if (open) kept.current = children;  return (    <div className="grid" inert={!open} aria-hidden={!open || undefined} style={{ gridTemplateRows: open ? "1fr" : "0fr", opacity: open ? 1 : 0, transition: reduced ? "none" : `grid-template-rows 380ms ${EASE}, opacity 260ms ${EASE}` }}>      <div className="min-h-0 overflow-clip">{open ? children : kept.current}</div>    </div>  );}/** "Saving" → "Saved" beside a label that saved itself; it fades once it's said it. */function SavedMark({ status, reduced }: { status: ActionStatus; reduced: boolean }) {  const open = status !== "idle";  const [label, setLabel] = React.useState("Saving");  const next = status === "pending" ? "Saving" : status === "success" ? "Saved" : status === "error" ? "Not saved" : label;  if (next !== label) setLabel(next);  return (    <span      aria-hidden="true"      className={`inline-grid align-baseline text-[11.5px] font-normal ${status === "error" ? "text-red-600 dark:text-red-400" : "text-muted-foreground"}`}      style={{        gridTemplateColumns: open ? "1fr" : "0fr",        opacity: open ? 1 : 0,        transition: reduced ? "none" : `grid-template-columns 380ms ${EASE}, opacity ${open ? 240 : 600}ms ${EASE}`,      }}    >      <span className="min-w-0 [clip-path:inset(-4px_0)]">        <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 pl-2 whitespace-nowrap">          <span className="relative grid size-3 place-items-center">            <span className="absolute inset-0 grid place-items-center" style={{ opacity: status === "pending" ? 1 : 0, transition: reduced ? "none" : `opacity 200ms ${EASE}` }}>              <Spinner on={status === "pending"} />            </span>            <span className="absolute inset-0 grid place-items-center" style={{ opacity: status === "success" ? 1 : 0, transition: reduced ? "none" : `opacity 200ms ${EASE}` }}>              <DrawnCheck drawn={status === "success"} reduced={reduced} className="size-3" />            </span>          </span>          <TextMorph>{label}</TextMorph>        </span>      </span>    </span>  );}function Label({ field, htmlFor, dirty, status, reduced, id }: { field: SettingsField; htmlFor?: string; dirty: boolean; status: ActionStatus; reduced: boolean; id: string }) {  const Tag = htmlFor ? "label" : "span";  return (    <span className="block min-w-0">      <Tag {...(htmlFor ? { htmlFor } : {})} id={`${id}-label`} className="flex items-center whitespace-nowrap text-[13px] font-medium tracking-[-0.01em]">        {field.label}        {/* A dot that swells in beside a label whose value has changed but isn't saved. */}        <span          aria-hidden="true"          className="ml-1.5 size-1.5 shrink-0 rounded-full bg-primary"          style={{ transform: dirty ? "scale(1)" : "scale(0)", opacity: dirty ? 1 : 0, transition: reduced ? "none" : `transform 420ms ${dirty ? THROW : EASE}, opacity 200ms ${EASE}` }}        />        <SavedMark status={status} reduced={reduced} />      </Tag>      {field.description && (        <span id={`${id}-desc`} className="mt-0.5 block text-[12px] leading-[1.45] text-muted-foreground">          {field.description}        </span>      )}    </span>  );}function Switch({ on, onToggle, labelledBy, describedBy, shake, reduced }: { on: boolean; onToggle: () => void; labelledBy: string; describedBy?: string; shake: number; reduced: boolean }) {  const ref = React.useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);  React.useEffect(() => {    if (shake && !reduced) ref.current?.animate(SHAKE, { duration: 380, easing: "ease-out" });  }, [shake, reduced]);  return (    <button      ref={ref}      type="button"      role="switch"      aria-checked={on}      aria-labelledby={labelledBy}      aria-describedby={describedBy}      onClick={onToggle}      className={`relative h-5 w-9 shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full transition-[background-color,box-shadow] duration-300 ${FOCUS} ${on ? "bg-primary" : "bg-muted shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_var(--border)]"}`}    >      <span        aria-hidden="true"        className="absolute top-0.5 left-0.5 size-4 rounded-full bg-background shadow-[0_0_0_1px_var(--border)]"        style={{ transform: on ? "translateX(16px)" : "none", transition: reduced ? "none" : `transform 420ms ${THROW}` }}      />    </button>  );}function Choice({ field, value, onChange, labelledBy, shake, reduced }: { field: Extract<SettingsField, { type: "choice" }>; value: string; onChange: (v: string) => void; labelledBy: string; shake: number; reduced: boolean }) {  const wrap = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);  const refs = React.useRef<(HTMLButtonElement | null)[]>([]);  const [thumb, setThumb] = React.useState({ left: 0, width: 0, ready: false });  const index = Math.max(0, field.options.findIndex((o) => o.value === value));  React.useLayoutEffect(() => {    const measure = () => {      const b = refs.current[index];      if (!b) return;      setThumb((t) => (t.left === b.offsetLeft && t.width === b.offsetWidth && t.ready ? t : { left: b.offsetLeft, width: b.offsetWidth, ready: t.width > 0 }));    };    measure();    const observer = new ResizeObserver(measure);    if (wrap.current) observer.observe(wrap.current);    return () => observer.disconnect();  }, [index]);  React.useEffect(() => {    if (shake && !reduced) wrap.current?.animate(SHAKE, { duration: 380, easing: "ease-out" });  }, [shake, reduced]);  return (    <div ref={wrap} role="radiogroup" aria-labelledby={labelledBy} className="relative inline-flex shrink-0 rounded-full p-0.5 shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_var(--border)]">      <span        aria-hidden="true"        className="absolute top-0.5 bottom-0.5 left-0 rounded-full bg-accent shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_var(--border)]"        style={{          width: thumb.width,          transform: `translateX(${thumb.left}px)`,          transition: thumb.ready && !reduced ? `transform 460ms ${THROW}, width 360ms ${EASE}` : "none",        }}      />      {field.options.map((o, i) => {        const on = i === index;        return (          <button            key={o.value}            ref={(el) => {              refs.current[i] = el;            }}            type="button"            role="radio"            aria-checked={on}            tabIndex={on ? 0 : -1}            onClick={() => onChange(o.value)}            onKeyDown={(e) => {              const step = e.key === "ArrowRight" || e.key === "ArrowDown" ? 1 : e.key === "ArrowLeft" || e.key === "ArrowUp" ? -1 : 0;              if (!step) return;              e.preventDefault();              const next = (i + step + field.options.length) % field.options.length;              onChange(field.options[next].value);              refs.current[next]?.focus();            }}            className={`relative h-7 cursor-pointer rounded-full px-3 text-[12px] font-medium transition-colors duration-300 ${FOCUS} ${on ? "text-foreground" : "text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"}`}          >            {o.label}          </button>        );      })}    </div>  );}function TextInput({  field,  id,  value,  error,  check,  onChange,  reduced,  register,}: {  field: TextField;  id: string;  value: string;  error?: string;  check?: Check;  onChange: (v: string) => void;  reduced: boolean;  register: (name: string, el: HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement | null) => void;}) {  const ring = error || check?.state === "no" ? "shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_color-mix(in_oklab,var(--color-red-500)_45%,transparent)]" : "shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_var(--border)] focus-within:shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_var(--ring)]";  const common = {    id,    name: field.name,    value,    placeholder: field.placeholder,    maxLength: field.maxLength,    "aria-invalid": Boolean(error || check?.state === "no") || undefined,    "aria-describedby": `${id}-desc ${id}-note`,    onChange: (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement>) => onChange(e.target.value),  };  const text = "bg-transparent text-[16px] text-foreground outline-none placeholder:text-muted-foreground/70 [@media(pointer:fine)]:text-[13.5px]";  return (    <div data-field-ring="" className={`mt-2 rounded-[10px] transition-shadow duration-200 ${ring}`}>      {field.type === "textarea" ? (        <textarea ref={(el) => register(field.name, el)} rows={field.rows ?? 3} {...common} className={`block w-full resize-none px-3 py-2 leading-[1.5] ${text}`} />      ) : (        <div className="flex h-9 items-center px-3">          {field.prefix && (            <span aria-hidden="true" className="shrink-0 text-[13.5px] text-muted-foreground select-none">              {field.prefix}            </span>          )}          <input ref={(el) => register(field.name, el)} type="text" inputMode={field.inputMode} autoComplete={field.autoComplete ?? "off"} {...common} className={`h-full min-w-0 flex-1 ${text}`} />          {field.check && (            <span aria-hidden="true" className="relative ml-2 grid size-3.5 shrink-0 place-items-center">              <span className="absolute inset-0 grid place-items-center text-muted-foreground" style={{ opacity: check?.state === "checking" ? 1 : 0, transition: reduced ? "none" : `opacity 200ms ${EASE}` }}>                <Spinner on={check?.state === "checking"} />              </span>              <span className="absolute inset-0 grid place-items-center text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400" style={{ opacity: check?.state === "ok" && !error ? 1 : 0, transition: reduced ? "none" : `opacity 200ms ${EASE}` }}>                <DrawnCheck drawn={check?.state === "ok" && !error} reduced={reduced} />              </span>            </span>          )}        </div>      )}    </div>  );}export function SettingsForm({  sections,  value,  defaultValue = EMPTY,  onValueChange,  onSave,  autosave = true,  warnOnLeave = true,  className = "",  ...props}: SettingsFormProps) {  const reduced = useReducedMotion();  const id = React.useId();  const [inner, setInner] = React.useState(defaultValue);  const saved = value ?? inner;  const [edits, setEdits] = React.useState<SettingsValues>({});  const [status, setStatus] = React.useState<Record<string, ActionStatus>>({});  const [errors, setErrors] = React.useState<Record<string, string>>({});  const [shakes, setShakes] = React.useState<Record<string, number>>({});  const [checks, setChecks] = React.useState<Record<string, Check>>({});  const [bar, setBar] = React.useState<ActionStatus>("idle");  const [barNote, setBarNote] = React.useState<string | null>(null);  const [lastCount, setLastCount] = React.useState(1);  const [announce, setAnnounce] = React.useState("");  const rootRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);  const inputs = React.useRef(new Map<string, HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement>());  const runs = React.useRef(new Map<string, number>());  const checkRuns = React.useRef(new Map<string, { timer: number; ctrl?: AbortController }>());  const latest = React.useRef({ saved, edits });  latest.current = { saved, edits };  const fields = React.useMemo(() => sections.flatMap((s) => s.fields), [sections]);  const instant = (f: SettingsField) => autosave && (f.type === "toggle" || f.type === "choice");  const values = { ...saved, ...edits };  const dirty = fields.filter((f) => !instant(f) && f.name in edits && edits[f.name] !== (saved[f.name] ?? (f.type === "toggle" ? false : "")));  const count = dirty.length;  if (count && count !== lastCount) setLastCount(count);  const barOpen = count > 0 || bar === "pending" || bar === "success";  const commitSaved = (next: SettingsValues) => {    if (value === undefined) setInner(next);    onValueChange?.(next);  };  const register = React.useCallback((name: string, el: HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement | null) => {    if (el) inputs.current.set(name, el);    else inputs.current.delete(name);  }, []);  // Toggles and choices: saved the moment they change; a newer change wins over an older answer.  const saveNow = async (f: SettingsField, v: SettingsValue) => {    const run = (runs.current.get(f.name) ?? 0) + 1;    runs.current.set(f.name, run);    setEdits((e) => ({ ...e, [f.name]: v }));    setStatus((s) => ({ ...s, [f.name]: "pending" }));    setErrors((e) => without(e, [f.name]));    try {      const patch = { [f.name]: v };      const stored = await onSave(patch, { ...latest.current.saved, ...patch });      if (runs.current.get(f.name) !== run) return;      commitSaved({ ...latest.current.saved, ...patch, ...(stored ?? {}) });      setEdits((e) => without(e, [f.name]));      setStatus((s) => ({ ...s, [f.name]: "success" }));      setAnnounce(`${f.label} saved.`);      window.setTimeout(() => setStatus((s) => (runs.current.get(f.name) === run && s[f.name] === "success" ? { ...s, [f.name]: "idle" } : s)), 1600);    } catch (e) {      if (runs.current.get(f.name) !== run) return;      const why = e instanceof SettingsFormError ? (e.fields[f.name] ?? e.message) : message(e, `${f.label} couldn't be saved.`);      setEdits((x) => without(x, [f.name]));      setStatus((s) => ({ ...s, [f.name]: "error" }));      setErrors((x) => ({ ...x, [f.name]: why }));      setShakes((x) => ({ ...x, [f.name]: (x[f.name] ?? 0) + 1 }));      setAnnounce(why);      window.setTimeout(() => setStatus((s) => (runs.current.get(f.name) === run && s[f.name] === "error" ? { ...s, [f.name]: "idle" } : s)), 2400);    }  };  const edit = (f: TextField, v: string) => {    setEdits((e) => ({ ...e, [f.name]: v }));    setErrors((e) => without(e, [f.name]));    setBarNote(null);    if (bar === "error" || bar === "success") setBar("idle");    if (!f.check) return;    const prev = checkRuns.current.get(f.name);    if (prev) {      window.clearTimeout(prev.timer);      prev.ctrl?.abort();    }    if (!v || v === saved[f.name]) {      setChecks((c) => without(c, [f.name]));      return;    }    const entry: { timer: number; ctrl?: AbortController } = { timer: 0 };    entry.timer = window.setTimeout(async () => {      const ctrl = new AbortController();      entry.ctrl = ctrl;      setChecks((c) => ({ ...c, [f.name]: { state: "checking", message: "Checking" } }));      try {        const why = await f.check!(v, { signal: ctrl.signal });        if (ctrl.signal.aborted) return;        setChecks((c) => ({ ...c, [f.name]: why ? { state: "no", message: why } : { state: "ok", message: f.checkPassed ?? "Available" } }));      } catch {        if (!ctrl.signal.aborted) setChecks((c) => without(c, [f.name]));      }    }, 450);    checkRuns.current.set(f.name, entry);  };  const focusFirst = (names: string[]) => {    const first = fields.find((f) => names.includes(f.name));    const el = first && inputs.current.get(first.name);    if (!el) return;    el.focus({ preventScroll: true });    el.scrollIntoView({ block: "nearest", behavior: reduced ? "auto" : "smooth" });  };  const save = async () => {    if (!count || bar === "pending") return;    const problems: Record<string, string> = {};    for (const f of dirty) {      if (f.type !== "text" && f.type !== "textarea") continue;      const v = String(values[f.name] ?? "");      const why = f.validate?.(v, values) || (checks[f.name]?.state === "no" ? checks[f.name].message : null);      if (why) problems[f.name] = why;    }    if (Object.keys(problems).length) {      setErrors((e) => ({ ...e, ...problems }));      setShakes((s) => ({ ...s, ...Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(problems).map((k) => [k, (s[k] ?? 0) + 1])) }));      setBar("error");      setBarNote(Object.keys(problems).length === 1 ? "One field needs a look." : `${Object.keys(problems).length} fields need a look.`);      focusFirst(Object.keys(problems));      return;    }    const patch = Object.fromEntries(dirty.map((f) => [f.name, values[f.name]]));    setBar("pending");    setBarNote(null);    try {      const stored = await onSave(patch, { ...latest.current.saved, ...patch });      commitSaved({ ...latest.current.saved, ...patch, ...(stored ?? {}) });      // Keep edits made while it was saving.      setEdits((e) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(e).filter(([k, v]) => !(k in patch) || v !== patch[k])));      setChecks((c) => without(c, Object.keys(patch)));      setBar("success");      setAnnounce("Changes saved.");    } catch (e) {      const fieldErrors = e instanceof SettingsFormError ? e.fields : {};      setErrors((x) => ({ ...x, ...fieldErrors }));      setShakes((s) => ({ ...s, ...Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(fieldErrors).map((k) => [k, (s[k] ?? 0) + 1])) }));      setBar("error");      const why = message(e, "Your changes couldn't be saved.");      setBarNote(why);      setAnnounce(why);      focusFirst(Object.keys(fieldErrors));    }  };  const reset = () => {    const names = dirty.map((f) => f.name);    setEdits((e) => without(e, names));    setErrors((e) => without(e, names));    setChecks((c) => without(c, names));    setBar("idle");    setBarNote(null);    if (!reduced)      for (const n of names)        inputs.current.get(n)?.animate([{ opacity: 0.2, filter: "blur(3px)" }, { opacity: 1, filter: "blur(0px)" }], { duration: 420, easing: EASE });    setAnnounce("Changes discarded.");  };  // Saved: the bar says so for a moment, then folds away.  React.useEffect(() => {    if (bar !== "success") return;    const timer = window.setTimeout(() => setBar("idle"), 1100);    return () => window.clearTimeout(timer);  }, [bar]);  React.useEffect(() => {    if (!warnOnLeave || !count) return;    const onLeave = (e: BeforeUnloadEvent) => {      e.preventDefault();      e.returnValue = "";    };    window.addEventListener("beforeunload", onLeave);    return () => window.removeEventListener("beforeunload", onLeave);  }, [warnOnLeave, count]);  React.useEffect(() => () => checkRuns.current.forEach((c) => (window.clearTimeout(c.timer), c.ctrl?.abort())), []);  const shown = count || lastCount;  const left =    bar === "success" ? "Changes saved" : barNote ?? `${shown} unsaved ${shown === 1 ? "change" : "changes"}`;  return (    <div      ref={rootRef}      className={`@container relative w-full rounded-[22px] border border-border bg-background text-foreground ${className}`}      onKeyDown={(e) => {        if ((e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey) && e.key.toLowerCase() === "s") {          e.preventDefault();          save();        }      }}      {...props}    >      {sections.map((section, si) => (        <section key={section.title} aria-labelledby={`${id}-s${si}`} className="grid gap-4 border-t border-border px-4 py-4 first:border-t-0 @xl:grid-cols-[minmax(0,180px)_1fr] @xl:gap-8 @md:px-5 @md:py-5">          <div className="min-w-0">            <h3 id={`${id}-s${si}`} className="text-[14px] font-medium tracking-[-0.01em]">              {section.title}            </h3>            {section.description && <p className="mt-0.5 text-[12px] leading-[1.45] text-muted-foreground">{section.description}</p>}          </div>          {/* Its own container: a choice sits beside its label only when this column has room. */}          <div className="@container/fields min-w-0 space-y-4">            {section.fields.map((f) => {              const fid = `${id}-${f.name}`;              const st = status[f.name] ?? "idle";              const err = errors[f.name];              const isDirty = dirty.includes(f);              const check = checks[f.name];              const note = err ?? (check ? check.message : null);              const noteTone = err || check?.state === "no" ? "text-red-600 dark:text-red-400" : check?.state === "ok" ? "text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400" : "text-muted-foreground";              return (                <div key={f.name}>                  {f.type === "toggle" ? (                    <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-4">                      <Label field={f} dirty={isDirty} status={st} reduced={reduced} id={fid} />                      <span className="pt-px">                        <Switch                          on={Boolean(values[f.name])}                          onToggle={() => (instant(f) ? saveNow(f, !values[f.name]) : setEdits((e) => ({ ...e, [f.name]: !values[f.name] })))}                          labelledBy={`${fid}-label`}                          describedBy={f.description ? `${fid}-desc` : undefined}                          shake={shakes[f.name] ?? 0}                          reduced={reduced}                        />                      </span>                    </div>                  ) : f.type === "choice" ? (                    <div className="flex flex-col items-start gap-2 @min-[26rem]/fields:flex-row @min-[26rem]/fields:justify-between @min-[26rem]/fields:gap-4">                      <Label field={f} dirty={isDirty} status={st} reduced={reduced} id={fid} />                      <Choice                        field={f}                        value={String(values[f.name] ?? f.options[0]?.value ?? "")}                        onChange={(v) => (v === values[f.name] ? undefined : instant(f) ? saveNow(f, v) : setEdits((e) => ({ ...e, [f.name]: v })))}                        labelledBy={`${fid}-label`}                        shake={shakes[f.name] ?? 0}                        reduced={reduced}                      />                    </div>                  ) : (                    <>                      <Label field={f} htmlFor={fid} dirty={isDirty} status={st} reduced={reduced} id={fid} />                      <TextInput                        field={f}                        id={fid}                        value={String(values[f.name] ?? "")}                        error={err}                        check={check}                        onChange={(v) => edit(f, v)}                        reduced={reduced}                        register={register}                      />                      {f.maxLength && f.type === "textarea" && (                        <p aria-hidden="true" className="mt-1 flex justify-end text-[11px] text-muted-foreground tabular-nums">                          <NumberRoll value={String(values[f.name] ?? "").length} />                          &nbsp;/ {f.maxLength}                        </p>                      )}                    </>                  )}                  <div id={`${fid}-note`}>                    <Fold open={Boolean(note)} reduced={reduced}>                      <p className={`flex items-center gap-1 pt-1.5 text-[11.5px] ${noteTone}`}>                        <Line text={note ?? ""} reduced={reduced} />                      </p>                    </Fold>                  </div>                  {f.type !== "toggle" && f.type !== "choice" && <ShakeOn target={inputs.current.get(f.name)} count={shakes[f.name] ?? 0} reduced={reduced} />}                </div>              );            })}          </div>        </section>      ))}      {/* One bar for every unsaved edit; it rises from the foot of the form and stays in view while you scroll. */}      <div className="sticky bottom-0 z-10">        <Fold open={barOpen} reduced={reduced}>          <div className="flex items-center gap-3 rounded-b-[21px] border-t border-border bg-background px-4 py-3 @md:px-5" role="group" aria-label="Unsaved changes">            <p className={`min-w-0 flex-1 text-[12.5px] ${bar === "error" ? "text-red-600 dark:text-red-400" : "text-muted-foreground"}`}>              {bar !== "success" && !barNote ? (                <span className="flex items-baseline tabular-nums">                  <NumberRoll value={shown} />                  &nbsp;<TextMorph>{shown === 1 ? "unsaved change" : "unsaved changes"}</TextMorph>                </span>              ) : (                <Line text={left} reduced={reduced} />              )}            </p>            <button              type="button"              onClick={reset}              disabled={bar === "pending" || !count}              className={`h-7 cursor-pointer rounded-full px-2.5 text-[12px] font-medium text-muted-foreground transition-colors hover:bg-accent hover:text-foreground disabled:cursor-default disabled:opacity-50 disabled:hover:bg-transparent ${FOCUS}`}            >              Reset            </button>            <StatusButton size="sm" status={bar} labels={{ idle: "Save", pending: "Saving", success: "Saved", error: "Try again" }} onClick={save} />          </div>        </Fold>      </div>      <span className="sr-only" role="status">        {announce}      </span>    </div>  );}/** Shakes an input when its count goes up (a refused value). */function ShakeOn({ target, count, reduced }: { target?: HTMLElement; count: number; reduced: boolean }) {  React.useEffect(() => {    if (count && !reduced) target?.closest("[data-field-ring]")?.animate(SHAKE, { duration: 380, easing: "ease-out" });    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps  }, [count]);  return null;}

Registry item: /r/settings-form.json